Classical Music Appreciation 101: History and Approach

 

Classical music has a rich history spanning centuries, with roots that can be traced back to the medieval era. From the Baroque to the Romantic era, classical music has evolved and expanded, incorporating new styles and techniques along the way. Whether you are a seasoned fan or just starting to explore this genre, understanding the history and approach to classical music can enhance your appreciation and enjoyment of it.

History of Classical Music

Classical music is a term used to describe a broad range of music written in the Western tradition. It is characterized by its use of formal structures, such as sonatas and symphonies, and its focus on melody, harmony, and tonality. The history of classical music can be divided into several distinct periods, each with its own characteristics and prominent composers.

Medieval Period (500-1400)

The medieval period is the earliest period of Western classical music, and its music is primarily vocal. During this time, composers created music for the church and secular courts, often using plainchant and polyphony. Some of the most famous composers of the medieval period include Hildegard von Bingen and Guillaume de Machaut.

Renaissance Period (1400-1600)

The Renaissance period was marked by a resurgence of interest in classical learning and art, and its music reflected this. Composers began to write music for specific instruments and ensembles, and polyphony became more complex. Some of the most famous composers of the Renaissance period include Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina and Thomas Tallis.

Baroque Period (1600-1750)

The Baroque period was marked by a dramatic shift in musical style, characterized by complex polyphony, elaborate ornamentation, and dramatic contrasts in dynamics and texture. This period saw the rise of opera, as well as the development of instrumental music such as the concerto and sonata. Some of the most famous composers of the Baroque period include Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frideric Handel, and Antonio Vivaldi.

Classical Period (1750-1820)

The Classical period was marked by a focus on clarity and simplicity, with a return to more structured forms such as the sonata and symphony. Composers began to experiment with new harmonies and tonalities, and instrumental music became more important than vocal music. Some of the most famous composers of the Classical period include Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Joseph Haydn, and Ludwig van Beethoven.

Romantic Period (1820-1900)

The Romantic period was marked by a renewed interest in emotion and individual expression, with composers exploring new tonalities and forms. The orchestra became a dominant force, and composers began to incorporate folk melodies and exoticism into their works. Some of the most famous composers of the Romantic period include Franz Schubert, Frederic Chopin, and Richard Wagner.

Modern Period (1900-present)

The Modern period is marked by a diverse range of styles and techniques, including atonality, serialism, and minimalism. Composers began to experiment with electronic instruments and recording techniques, and the boundaries between different musical genres began to blur. Some of the most famous composers of the Modern period include Igor Stravinsky, Arnold Schoenberg, and Philip Glass.

How to Approach Classical Music

If you are new to classical music, it can seem overwhelming at first. With so many different periods, styles, and composers to choose from, where do you even begin? Here are some tips for approaching classical music:

Start with the Classics

There is a reason why certain works have become classics – they are considered to be some of the greatest pieces of music ever written. Start by listening to some of the most famous works from each period, and you will begin to get a sense of the style and techniques used during that time. For example, listen to Bach’s Brandenburg Concertos or Beethoven’s Symphony No. 5 to get a sense of the Baroque and Classical periods, respectively.

Listen with an Open Mind

Classical music can be challenging to listen to at times, with its intricate melodies, complex harmonies, and shifting textures. But by listening with an open mind and letting the music wash over you, you can begin to appreciate the beauty and emotion that it conveys. Try to focus on the way the music makes you feel rather than trying to dissect every element.

Read About the Composer and Work

Learning about the composer and the context in which a work was written can enhance your appreciation of it. Many classical works are tied to specific historical events or personal experiences of the composer, and understanding this can provide deeper insight into the music. You can find information about composers and their works in books, online resources, and program notes at concerts.

Attend Live Performances

Attending live classical performances is an essential part of experiencing classical music. Seeing and hearing the music performed by talented musicians can provide a unique and unforgettable experience. Many cities have orchestras, opera companies, and chamber music groups that offer affordable tickets for students and young people.

Experiment with Different Genres and Styles

Classical music encompasses a wide range of genres and styles, from opera and ballet to chamber music and choral works. Experimenting with different genres and styles can help you discover what resonates with you personally. You may find that you prefer the intricate counterpoint of Bach or the emotional intensity of Wagner, or that you enjoy the playful melodies of Mozart or the experimentalism of Glass.

10 Recommended Master Pieces

"Eine kleine Nachtmusik" by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

This is one of Mozart's most popular pieces, featuring lively and playful melodies that are sure to captivate listeners.

"Für Elise" by Ludwig van Beethoven

This piece is instantly recognizable and features a simple, yet beautiful melody that has become a classic.

"Canon in D" by Johann Pachelbel

A popular wedding processional, this piece features a repeating melody that is gradually layered and built upon to create a rich and harmonious sound.

"The Four Seasons" by Antonio Vivaldi

This collection of concertos is a staple of the Baroque era, featuring vivid depictions of the changing seasons through lively and expressive music.

"Clair de Lune" by Claude Debussy

This impressionistic piece is known for its ethereal and dreamlike quality, featuring cascading arpeggios and delicate melodies.

"Symphony No. 9" by Ludwig van Beethoven

Considered one of the greatest symphonies of all time, this piece features a stirring and triumphant finale that is sure to leave a lasting impression.

"Rhapsody in Blue" by George Gershwin

Blending elements of classical and jazz music, this piece is a perfect example of the American musical style and features a captivating piano melody.

"Boléro" by Maurice Ravel

This piece builds slowly and steadily, gradually adding layers of instrumentation to create a powerful and unforgettable climax.

"The Planets" by Gustav Holst

Each movement of this piece is named after a different planet in the solar system, featuring unique and evocative music that captures the essence of each celestial body.

"Requiem" by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

A solemn and hauntingly beautiful work, the Requiem is one of Mozart's most famous pieces and is often performed at funerals and other somber occasions.

By listening to these pieces and exploring the many other works of classical music, you can gain a deeper appreciation for this timeless art form.

Conclusion

Classical music is a rich and diverse genre that has evolved over centuries, encompassing a wide range of styles and techniques. By understanding the history and approach to classical music, you can enhance your appreciation and enjoyment of this timeless art form. Whether you are a seasoned fan or just starting out, take the time to explore the many works and styles of classical music and discover what speaks to you.

References:

• Grout, D. J., & Palisca, C. V. (2001). A History of Western Music. W.W. Norton & Company.
• Sadie, S., & Tyrrell, J. (Eds.). (2001). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Oxford University Press.
• Wright, C. (2005). Listening to Music. Thomson Wadsworth.
• Grout, D. J., & Palisca, C. V. (2001). A History of Western Music. W.W. Norton & Company.
• Sadie, S., & Tyrrell, J. (Eds.). (2001). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Oxford University Press.
• Wright, C. (2005). Listening to Music. Thomson Wadsworth.